CNS 2019: Nutrition strategies to influence the luminal environment: implications for gastrointestinal conditions

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Speakers: David Reed, MD, PhD; Alexane Rodrigue; Caroline Tuck, PhD

One of the most rapidly advancing areas of nutrition research in the past decade has been the use of dietary modifications for management of gastrointestinal disorders, which are now used as first-line therapy. The growth of knowledge in this area has partly been propelled by technological advances such as microbiota and metabolomic analysis which have enabled the measurement of functional output from different dietary components. As such, through strategic research design we can better understand the role of diet for both cause and management of gastrointestinal conditions. This session would include two speakers, a gastroenterologist and a dietitian from the Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University.

David Reed: Diet, the microbiota and their metabolites in gastrointestinal conditions

This presentation will provide an overview of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease, including diagnosis and possible pathophysiological mechanisms. This will lead into discussion of recent research investigating the influence of diet on the microbiota and their metabolites, including translational research conducted by our team. Through strategic research design, we aim to better understand the role of diet for both cause and management of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.

Learning objectives for this session will include:

1. 1.Be familiar with the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
2. 2.Be aware of the potential role of diet in modifying the microbiota and their metabolites.

Caroline Tuck: Implementation of evidence-based dietary therapy in gastrointestinal conditions

"This presentation will discuss the evidence for dietary therapies, in irritable bowel syndrome and other gastrointestinal conditions. It will discuss the evidence for the low FODMAP diet in irritable bowel syndrome and other gastrointestinal disease states. This will lead to discussion on how to manipulate dietary intake and alter dietary recommendations to meet patients' individual nutrition needs and ways in which dietary therapies can be optimized.

Learning objectives for this session will include:

1. 1.Describe the mechanisms of action and evidence for the use of the low FODMAP diet in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and other gastrointestinal conditions.
2. 2.Be familiar with strategies to optimize implementation of dietary therapies.

Alexane F. Rodrigue: Diets containing kidney beans as a source of plant food protein improve biomarkers of intestinal and metabolic health in healthy mice

Canada's new Food Guide recommends eating protein foods that come from plant sources, including dietary pulses (e.g. common beans). Beans are also rich in non-digestible carbohydrates that may alter the intestinal microbiome and improve metabolic health. Beans range in seed-coat colors due to different phenolic compounds, wherein dark-colored beans contain higher phenolic compounds compared to light-colored beans. The objective of this study was to determine if long-term consumption of plant protein foods (i.e. kidney beans) improve biomarkers of intestinal and metabolic health, and if dark-colored beans provide additional health benefits compared to light-colored beans.

5-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice consumed either a modified AIN-93G basal diet (BD; 20% casein, wt/wt), or isocaloric diets supplemented with 15% cooked white kidney beans (WK) or dark red kidney beans (DK) for 9 weeks (n=12/group). Body weight (BW) and food intake were measured bi-weekly; body composition was assessed by EchoMRI; and serum insulin, resistin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), adiponectin, and ghrelin were assessed by multiplex. Fecal microbiota composition was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Kidney bean diets did not alter mouse BW gain, food intake, or body composition compared to BD. Kidney bean diets altered the microbial composition as indicated by reductions in Bacteroides and Oscillospira, and increases in Johnsonella and Prevotella. Interestingly, WK had the greatest increase in Prevotella (short-chain fatty-acid producer), which correlated with an increase in cecum weight (microbial fermentation biomarker) compared to DK and BD, suggesting WK are more fermentable than DK. WK, but more so DK diets, decreased gut hormone (i.e. GIP and ghrelin) concentrations in serum. Serum adipokine concentrations were beneficially modulated by kidney beans (i.e. reduced resistin and increased adiponectin), with DK inducing the greatest effect.

Overall, this study suggests that consuming kidney beans, as a plant-based protein food source, can beneficially alter intestinal and metabolic health. Interestingly, WK had a greater impact on microbial activity, while DK had a greater impact on serum gut hormones and adipokines, despite equivalent protein content. This suggests that differences in other kidney bean components (i.e. non-digestible carbohydrates and phenolics) may influence intestinal and metabolic health outcomes.

[Ontario Research Fund]

** Original Source: "CNS 2019 Annual Conference" Saturday, May 4, 2019

Length: 1:17:26

Type: Video

Last Updated: June 18, 2019